2
feeding but which are very
beneficial, such as frogs and
butterflies.
When trying to create an
ecosystem in a limited area,
water is your most important
resource.
If you are trying to provide
water for a wide variety of
creatures, then you should
present it in several different
ways. The first consideration is
height. Water at ground level, at
the height of a standard bird
bath, and still higher above the
ground, perhaps in a tree, will
meet the needs of many
species.
Then you can think about size,
depth, still or moving water,
solid or earth-bottom, clear or
containing plants and rocks,
and so on with endless
possibilities.
Small Spaces
If you don’t have much space,
many common containers can
hold water, plus some plants, a
fountain, and even a few fish.
Ideas would include large terra
cotta pots, half barrels, stone
troughs – you are only limited
by your imagination.
Containers which aren’t
waterproof can be lined to make
them suitable. The depth of the
container will determine what
plants you can grow, and
whether or not it is useful for
amphibians or birds.
In colder climates these
containers may freeze in winter,
killing the plants and fish and
possibly splitting the container
itself. Sometimes a heater can
be added, or they can be
brought indoors until warmer
weather returns.
Sunshine can also be a
problem, since the water in
containers can overheat easily,
so if your climate is very hot,
provide some shade, especially
if you are including fish.
Think about the wildlife that
you hope to attract, how much
space you have, and whether
you want the water to merge
with your living space or be
somewhat removed.
Many people begin with a
standard bird bath on a
pedestal. There are many styles
on the market, or you can make
your own. Whatever you choose
should gradually slope to no
more than 3 in. deep and should
have a rough surface.
Birds fear deep water
because they can easily drown,
and smooth surfaces allow
them to slip and lose control.
If it’s at least 24 in. to 36 in.
wide it will allow several birds
to drink and bathe at the
same time.
Bird baths should be out in
the open, about 15 ft. from
shrubs or trees. This allows the
birds to see approaching
predators and gives them a
safe place to which they can
escape.
Be Creative
Once you have the basic bird
bath installed, think about
variations. By sinking a bird
bath bowl – or a garbage can lid
Container Waterfall
“Of all the garden developments you can undertake to
increase habitat diversity, ponds are probably the most
effective and the most gratifying. If you have the space, a
large pond offers a wide range of possibilities, but even a
tiny pool can make a noticeable difference."
– The Natural Garden Book
Peter Harper
